试析《汉穆拉比法典》的文本性质

我国法学界通常将《汉穆拉比法典》视为古代两河流域立法的集大成者。不过,近来一些学者却从多角度对它的性质展开了讨论。有人认为它并不是现代意义上的法典,至多是一个法律文集,甚至只是一部古代普法的文学作品。有人否认它作为法律的性质,认为它与希伯来圣经的律法相似,是一个社会群体的道德劝勉文本。也有人结合中国古代泰山刻石封禅的诏书,认为它是两河流域叙事传统中关于神人对话的一则故事。

An Analysis of the Text Nature of Hammurabi Code

Hammurabi Code is more likely to be regarded as a legal model of ancient Mesopotamia in Chinese jurisprudential circle, but some scholars do not think so because they research it in many respects recently. Some think it is not a Code with a modern sense, but a law collection or a piece of literary work of law. Some even deny the legal nature of it and hold that it is just like the laws in Hebrew Bible which is merely a moral propaganda in a special collection. There are also some scholars who take it as an imperial edict of Feng-shan which is the grand ceremony of worship of heaven on mountain(Tai) top to pray and say thanks for peace and prosperity in ancient china. Therefore,they inferred that it is a story between god and man, which accords with the narrative tradition in ancient Mesopotamia.