矿业相邻关系立法初论

缺乏矿业相邻关系的立法，对矿山企业行为就没有约束而放纵了企业对相邻方的利益侵害。信息不对称又很少有诉求途径的受害方被迫用上访、械斗等非常规手段制止企业侵害，导致各方继续受损。矿业立法应专门规定“矿业相邻关系”：矿业垂直相邻、矿业水平相邻关系以及矿业环境保护相邻关系等“立体性”相邻关系，给矿山企业明确了行为边界，为关联他人打开维护权利的通道。规范矿业相邻关系是矿业发达国家的普遍做法。矿业相邻权只是矿山企业权利延伸的单向性保障，矿业相邻关系才是相邻各方相互依存的社会紧密结构。构建矿业相邻关系制度并合理实施，是社会和谐的重要基础。

Primary Discussion over Legislation on Mining Adjacent Relations

For lack of legislation on mining adjacent relation,no constraint is imposed on the mining enterprise,resulting in infringe of interest to the adjacent parties.Due to asymmetric information and few channels to appeal,the injured party had to resort to petition,gang fighting and other irregular means to stop or prevent from being further injured.Therefore particular legislation on "mining adjacent relation" should be established as a"cubic relation"including vertical,horizontal and environment protective adjacent relation.It is a general practice for developed countries to specify the behavior boundary for the mining enterprise and to offer rights remedy channels for parties at stake.The mining adjacent right is a unilateral guarantee for the enterprise,while the adjacent relation constructs a closely interdependent social structure,which lays a harmonious foundation by establishing the mining adjacent relation and the sound implementation.