论1984年英国《警察与刑事证据法》的立法背景及其法律价值

英国是现代警察制度的发源地。历史上,英国的现代警察制度对很多国家都产生过重要影响。然而,自20世纪70年代以来,英国的警察工作开始出现危机,各地接连发生反对警察的骚乱事件。导致这些事件的直接原因是警察在刑事侦查活动中的违法行为以及因此而产生的冤假错案,根本原因则是普通法中关于警察权力配置的模糊和不确定状态。为此,英国国会成立专门委员会,对警察权力问题进行改革,并于1984年颁布《警察与刑事证据法》。该法是英国历史上第一部专门规定警察权力的成文法,它不仅为英国警察权力奠定了法制基础,而且提供了一种追求利益平衡的新型法律模式。

The Legislative Background and Legal value of Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 in Britain

The modern police system was born in Britain,which has influenced many countries.However,from 70th twentieth century,crisis occurred in British policing,with serious riots against police in some cities.The direct reason for the riots is a set of miscarriages because of police unlawful detection,but the basic reason is that there is no clear and unified power system in common law.To resolve the dispute,special committees were appointed to discuss the reform which resulted in Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984.This is the first legislation about police power,which not only becomes the foundation but offers a new legislation model of how to balance the power and right.