交易成本和价格歧视理论在著作权合理使用中的定位与适用

经济学交易成本理论和价格歧视理论是数字时代强化著作权保护,限制合理使用的主要理论依据.由于某些合理使用是为克服交易成本过高的市场失灵而设,交易成本理论和价格歧视理论对合理使用范围的缩小具有一定的解释力.但是,它们不是确定合理使用范围的唯一标准.除交易成本外,外部性的内部化和公共利益也是影响合理使用适用的重要因素.当存在正外部性无法有效内部化的市场失灵,或者基于维护公共利益,也应考虑适用合理使用规则,以确保作品正外部性的充分释放.

The Transaction Cost Theory and Price Discrimination Theory of Fair Use in Copyright

Transaction cost theory and price discrimination theory is the main theoretical basis to strengthen copyright protection in the digital age.As some fair use is really to overcome the high transaction costs that leads to market failure,the statement that the transaction cost theory and price discrimination theory would narrow the scope of fair use appears to be reasonable.However,it is not the only reasonable standard of defining the scope of fair use.In addition to transaction cost,the internalization of externalities and the public interests is also the important factor in the operation of the copyright market.When there is copyright market failure which externalities can not be effectively internalized,or there are public interests which need to be preserved,we also should consider whether to apply the fair use doctrine in order to fully release the positive externalities in works.