惩防体系的软肋：国企腐败的制度依赖性透视

国企腐败是中国最大的腐败。政治与经济双重体制的逆向挤压是国企腐败高发的动因。一方面，国家对国有企业的监管依旧是以行政化手段为主，自上而下的公权力对国有企业起到决定性作用，而国企正是依赖这种公权力，获得民营企业无法企及的超额垄断利益。另一方面，国有企业具有市场经济主体的属性，在国家监管、社会责任与公益目的极度弱化的情况下，多元化的经济行为和经营方式又成为其谋取私利的重要途径。瓦解国企强势既得利益集团谋利行为在于分类监管。公益性类企业的监管模式应当摒弃市场化监管手段，实行以政府监管为主、社会民主监督为辅助的监督模式；对竞争性国企应确立“非禁即准入”原则，建立国有资产退出机制。从根本上说，国企腐败治理关键在于瓦解国企腐败所依赖的制度环境，以全面改革代替局部改革，以制度创新代替制度修补。

The Weakness of Anti-corruption System:On the System Dependence of Corruption in State-owned Enterprises

Corruption in state-owned enterprises is the most serious corruption in China. As the consequence of the double political and economic impact,the corruption there appears at a high rate. On one hand,administrative means being applied as the main methods in supervision,the top-down government authority plays a decisive role in state-owned enterprises. Depending on this power,they possess the excess oligopoly profits which can't be obtained by civilian-run enterprises. On the other hand,as a main part of the ...