论现代官僚制的双重困境

官僚制作为一种政府组织体制,奉行效率优先,体现了时代的工具理性精神.然而它面临着内外双重困境.在官僚政府内,有官僚体制与行政人员之间、行政目的与行政手段之间、政务官与常务官之间、官僚体制内部结构矛盾等四大矛盾;在外部环境上有官僚制与民主政治体制的矛盾、官僚制与资本主义社会之间的矛盾、官僚价值与民主价值的矛盾等三大矛盾.官僚制政府改革必须同整个政治体制的改革联系起来才有望成功.

On the Dual Plights of Modern Bureaucracy

As a type of organization form for modern government, Bureaucracy pursues the priority of efficiency, which manifests the spirit of the tool rationalism in modern age. However, it is in dilemmas from both inside and outside of the system. Inside a bureaucratic government, there are four conflicts, between the bureaucratic system and its members, between the aim and the method of administration, between politicians and civil servants, and among different components of the bureaucracy. Outside a bureaucracy, there are three conflicts, between the bureaucratic system and the democratic political system, between the bureaucracy and the capitalistic society, and between the value of bureaucracy and the value of democracy. Only when being related to the reform of the whole political system, can the reform of bureaucratic government succeed.