“生前预嘱”概念体系梳理及立法选择

我国目前正处于生前预嘱概念推广阶段,尚未建立生前预嘱制度及预先医疗指示制度,因此需要我们在立法前做好充分的理论准备。首先要重视生前预嘱概念的准确性,生前的表述并不准确,应予重视概念所属制度体系的逻辑性、合理性。有些学者的理论表述并不严谨,将预先医疗指示与生前预嘱等同,其实这对概念是包含与被包含的关系,在对制度进行立法选择时要坚持正确的理论基础。我们还要重视制度内容上的一些特别问题,如孕产妇的生前预嘱效力问题,以及生前预嘱的灵活适用问题,为我国相关制度的立法选择提供帮助。

The Conceptual System and Legislation Choice of Living Will

At present the research of living will in China is in the stage of promotion,living will system and advance directive system have not yet to be established in China,adequate preparations are needed before legislation.We should attach importance to the accuracy of the concept of living will,the obscure word living should be revised and the logic and rationality of the system should be focused.Some scholars’theoretical expressions are not strict so as to confuse advance directive and living will and treat them equally,and further neglect their involving and involved relationship,we should adhere to the correct theoretical basis when making legislative choice of the system.Attention should also be paid to some special issues in the contents of the system,such as the effectiveness of maternal living wills and the flexible application to help the legislative choice of relevant systems in our country.