本村人、本地人与外来人——经济发达村庄的封闭与开放

本通过对四个经济发达村庄村民与外来人口之间关系的研究解释村庄的封闭与开放。在这项研究中我们发现,农村改革以后,随着农村工业化和城市化的发展,村庄并不是越来越走向开放,相反,经济发达的村庄越来越形成一个经济共同体,其封闭性在提高;与此同时,本村村民保持了与周围村民的交往和联系,是开放的。来自边远地区的外来人被排斥在村庄的公共生活之外,形成了自己的群体,与村民很少交往。造成这种现象的原因是农村工业化和城市化与市场发育的不同步,地方政府在农村工业化和城市化过程中起到了主要的作用。这项研究说明,用“差序格局”和“村落共同体”的理论都无法正确地概括现在中国村庄的特征。

The Native and Nonnative

This article intends to explain the openness and closedness of villages through a research on the relations between the native and nonnative villagers in four economically developed villages. The author discovers in his research that, after the countryside reforms, along with the urbanization and industrialization of the countryside, villages are not becoming more and more open. On the contrary, the economically developed villages are developing into an economic community and thus becoming more and more closed. Meanwhile, the native villagers are open, keeping in touch with villagers in their neighborhood. The non-natives from remote areas are excluded from the public village life, forming their own groups and hardly making any contact with the natives. The cause of this phenomenon is that the urbanization and industrialization of the countryside, in which the local government plays a major role, do not synchronize with the market growth. This research shows that neither the theory of "scale layout" nor that of "village community" can properly generalize the characteristics of modern China's villages.