法国法中的非讼程序及对我国的启示

法国采用的是非讼程序规定于民事诉讼法典的立法例。它通过特有规则、严格限定非讼程序功能、维持程序形式的相对性使诉讼程序和非讼程序在同一法典内做到了逻辑合理、结构平衡;非讼程序体现出了职权主义、非公开审理、不须言辞辩论、注重第三人程序保障等特点,这与德、日等单独立法例国家特点基本一致,但程序独立性、自序性较弱。非讼事件诉讼化亦是法国法特有的现象,它与借助诉讼程序实现第三人程序保障密不可分。这一立法例的诸多做法对我国目前的民事诉讼法修订具有重要借鉴意义。

Non-contentious Procedures in French Law and Its Enlightenment on China

In French law-making tradition,its non-contentious procedures are contained in the French Code of civil procedures.With the advantages of strict limitation in the functions of non-contentious procedures and keeping the relativity of forms of the procedures in its special rules,the contentious and non-contentious procedures are incorporated in the same code with its reasonable logics and balanced structures.The French non-contentious procedures are characterized with functionalism,sitting in Camera,no oral debate and emphasis on procedures for the third party,which is the same as those of German and Japanese with separate codes for contentious and non-contentious procedures.However,the independence and self-orderliness of French procedures are not so strong.Actionablization of the non-contentious cases is the attribute of French law,which results from the procedural guarantee of the third party.Many practices of this law-making tradition shed some light on the amendment of existing Chinese civil procedural law.