个体主义公共观:公共经济关系的宪政哲学取向

个体与公共是公共经济关系的基本哲学范畴。就个体与公共的应然关系而言,组成公共体是个体的需要,是个体合作与沟通的桥梁。公共是为广大个体的权利服务的,公共是具体的、历史的,公共离不开个体,但又不为某一具体的个体而存在。公共并不必然优先于个体,个体是公共的逻辑起点,公共是个体间满足共同需要的合意,是个体间的联结,是一种社会机制和社会建构方法。个体并非绝对利己,是利己与利他的辩证统一;公共并非绝对利他,至少不必然普遍利他。在公共体内产生矛盾的时候,需要以宪政来控制公共体向社会和个体发恶的可能性。公共可能是一种福利,也可能是一种危险,公共经济行动必须接受宪政约束,公共的形成必须满足基本的宪政条件,必须支付必要的宪政成本。

Public Sense of Individualism: On Public Economic Relations from the Angle of Constitutional Philosophy

The individual and the public entity are two basic philosophical elements underlining public economic relations.As far as the ought-to-be relation between the individual and the public entity is concerned,the public entity is formed on the demand of individuals and is deemed as a bridge of their cooperation and communication.While serving the rights of the individual,the public entity is specific and historical,and inseparable from the individual.However,it does not exist for a specific individual.The public entity is not necessarily prior to the individual that is its logic set-out.The public entity is a consensus of individuals satisfactory to their common desires,a link of them and a social mechanism and a way to construct society.The individual is by no means absolutely egoist;rather,it is a dialectal unity of egoism and altruism.On the other hand,the public entity is not absolutely altruism,or at least not necessarily altruism.Where contradictions arise in the public entity,constitutionalism is in need to prevent it from doing harm to society or individuals.The public entity may be of benefits,or of risks.Thus,public economic behaviors are held to be subject to constitutionalism;and the formation of a public entity must satisfy the basic constitutional requirements and pay necessary constitutional costs.