共同犯罪中身份因素之探微

身份因素在共同犯罪的法律规定中前后存在矛盾,判断标准不一,现行法律、司法解释在司法实践中有较大的分歧,存在违反罪刑相适应原则的嫌疑;共同犯罪中共同的标准亦即共同犯罪的本质是犯罪共同说是妥当的,但共同之程度还有待刑法解释的进一步完善;大陆法系中所称之身份犯排除犯罪支配理论,而改用义务犯理论,无身份者不能成为有身份者之正犯,却可以成为有身份者之共犯;认定身份犯在共同犯罪中所起的作用依然不能脱离共同犯罪的本质,义务是确定身份犯在共同犯罪中所处地位之唯一标准。

Analysis of Status Factors in Joint Crime

Status factors in a joint crime is a contradiction in the law, the judge standers is different, the existing laws and judicial interpretations have bigger differences in the judicial practice, there is suspicion of violation of the principle of crime corresponding to the offense; Joint crime in the “common” standard that is the essence of joint crime, that is joint crime is appropriate, but the degree of “common” remains to be further perfected and improved in the explanation of criminal law; Referred to crime control theory in the continental law system, and use obliga- tion theory, no identity has the crime of identity, but can be the identity is the accomplice offender; Identifying the role of status crime in joint crime can still not leave the nature of joint crime, obligation is the only standard to de- termine the position of the status crime in joint crime.