论法学研究的两种视角——兼评“法教义学和社科法学”逻辑之非

法学有两种观察或研究视角,即内部视角和外部视角。简言之,前者是规范(制度)事实视角,后者是社会(事实)视角。因之,法学也可两分为内部视角的法学和外部视角的法学。前者以法律规范为前提和纽带的制度事实为研究对象,以规范分析为基本方法,并强调规范中心和规范决定论;后者则以法律规范与其它社会事实之间的关系为研究对象,并运用其他社会科学,如经济学、政治学、社会学、人类学等的方法作为观察和研究法律现象及运作规律的具体方法。它强调社会(事实)中心和社会决定论。法学(尤其法教义学)是社会科学的重要一支,与社会科学之间是种属关系,因之,法教义学与所谓社科法学之间,在逻辑上不能以并列关系对待。与其说法教义学与(和)社科法学,不如说内部视角的法学与(和)外部视角的法学。

On Two Perspectives on Legal Studies

Legal studies have two different ways of observation or research,that is,the internal point of view and external point of view.In short,the former is the normative(institutional)factual point of view,while the latter is the social(factual)point of view.Therefore,Legal studies can be divided into two aspects:the internal point of view and external point of view.The former takes legal norms as the premise and the institutional facts as the research object,takes normative analysis as the basic method,and emphasizes the thinking of normativity-based and normative determinism.The latter takes the relationship between legal norms and other social facts as the research object,and applies the methods of other social sciences,such as economics,politics,sociology,anthropology,etc.,as the specific methods to observe and study the phenomena and laws of legal practice.It emphasizes the thinking of social(factual)-based and social determinism.Legal study,especially legal dogmatics,is an important branch of socialscience,which has a species relationship with social science.Therefore,Legal dogmatics and the so-calledSocial Sciences Lawcannot be treated as a logical parallel relationship.With regard to two different kinds of legal studies,it is not so much Legal Dogmatics&Law and Social Sciences as the Internal and external point of view of Law.