阿拉伯海湾国家对外援助的战略、特点与影响

阿拉伯海湾援助国是新兴援助国的重要成员,在国际发展援助中的贡献与日俱增。援助国的实践服务于政治、经济与文化战略需求,与石油红利、君主制政权、历史地缘关系、伊斯兰文化的宗教属性及地区安全环境密切相关。从外交战略看,援助政策被纳入国家总体战略,在保持对战略重点区域持续投入的基础上向全球扩展,主要体现为团结援助和南南合作;从经济战略看,在全球范围内部署和循环利用石油财富,旨在加速推进国家经济多元化政策;从文化战略看,宣扬伊斯兰传统文化中慷慨施舍的精神,达到提升国家地位、塑造地区影响力之目的;从援助特点看,以王室和中央政府主导的援助政策,兼顾双边和多边的援助渠道,援助分配聚焦受援国经济与社会发展领域、积极对接国际发展合作新机制。援助不仅通过人道主义援助缓解了贫困国家的发展难题,而且彰显了其在国际发展合作中的多重作用,与中国深入践行合作共享的发展理念息息相通。

Foreign Aid of the Arab Gulf States: Strategies,Characteristics, and Implications

The Arab Gulf states are an important part of the emerging donor community and are increasingly contributing to the international development assistance. Their aid practices are closely linked to national strategies. The rich oil dividends, the monarchies, the historical geography of the Arab world, the religious attributes of the Islamic culture with the complex and volatile regional security environment, together impact their diplomatic strategy, economic strategy and cultural strategy. In terms of diplomatic strategy, their foreign aid is integrated into the overall national strategy and gradually expanded to the whole world on the basis of maintaining sustained investment in the strategically prioritized regions, mainly in the forms of "solidarity aid" and South-South cooperation. In terms of economic strategy, they aimed at accelerating national economic diversification policies through the deployment and recycling of oil wealth on a global scale. In terms of cultural strategy, they promote the idea of generosity in the traditional culture and Zakat in Islam, in order to achieve the goal of improving national status and gaining regional influence. Their aid policy is monarch-and central government-led that balances bilateral and multilateral aid channels with aid allocations to Arabic neighbouring countries, Islamic countries and sub-Saharan African countries. The Arab Gulf donors focus on the economic and social development of recipient countries and actively align themselves with the new mechanisms for international development cooperation. They have not only alleviated the development difficulties of the poor countries through humanitarian assistance, but also demonstrated their multiple roles in international development cooperation and echoes with China in carrying out the concept of cooperation and shared development.