论日本核污染的法律规制

从福岛核电站事故到日本政府排海方案,存在核污染风险的法律规制问题。排海方案实施行为违背多项国际环境保护义务。日本环境法规制在福岛事故前后发生变化,《放射性污染特措法》对日本国内核污染进行系统法律规制。国内法规制体系相对严格使得日本政府将核废水从国内排放转移到海洋排放。核污染风险法律预防需要突破剩余风险的限制,不能够按照达标排污即合规的常规预防思路,而应当采取特别预防,从风险的内涵定位、判断要素、禁令诉讼等多方面对其规制路径进行整体建构。

On Legal Regulation of Nuclear Pollution in Japan

From the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident to the Japanese government’s sea discharge plan,there are problems about legal regulations on the risk of nuclear pollution.The implementation of the sea discharge scheme violates a number of international environmental protection obligations.The regulation of Japan’s Environmental Law changed before and after the Fukushima accident.The Law of Special Measures for Radioactive Pollution systematically regulates Japan’s domestic nuclear pollution.The relatively strict regulation system of domestic law makes the Japanese government transfer nuclear wastewater from domestic discharge to marine discharge.The legal prevention of nuclear pollution risk needs to break through the limitation of residual risk.It cannot follow the conventional prevention idea that standard pollution discharge will not be responsible when it meets the administrative standard,but should take special precaution to construct its regulation path from the aspects of connotation positioning and judgment elements of risk,injunction litigation and so on.