担保物权的侵害及其救济——以担保物侵害为中心

对担保物权的侵害以对担保物的侵害为中心，主要表现为侵夺担保物的占有、妨害担保物以及毁损担保物三种情形。担保物占有被侵夺时，担保物权（包括抵押权）人得请求占有之回复。担保物遭受外部妨害时，无论妨害行为的样态与程度如何，担保物权人均可主张妨害之排除。担保物被毁损时，担保物权之救济因毁损人不同而有区别：债务人毁损担保物的，可剥夺债务人的期限利益；担保人（物上保证人）毁损担保物且不提供增担保的，除剥夺债务人的期限利益外，还可进一步追究担保人侵犯担保物权的责任；第三人毁损担保物的，担保物权人可对担保人的损害赔偿请求权进行物上代位，而不必主张侵害担保物权，同时，担保人也可主动提出增担保以阻止物上代位的发生。

On the Infringement and Relief of the Security Interest——Centering on the Infringement of the Pledge

The infringement of the security interest is centered on infringing the pledge,including depriving the possession of,impairing,and damaging the pledge.When possession of the pledge is deprived,the pledgee(including mortgage) is entitled to regaining the possession.When the pledge is impaired,the pledgee can claim for eliminating the obstruction regardless of the form or degree.Yet when the pledge is damaged by different parties,the relief of the security interest varies as follows: if caused by the debtor,h...