市场化改革下中国城市垃圾处理行业绩效研究

本文利用2001—2011年中国27个省、自治区和直辖市的面板数据，构建固定效应模型，考察了我国城市垃圾处理行业市场化改革背景下垃圾处理收费额、维护城建垃圾处理支出、垃圾处理固定资产投资等因素对城市垃圾处理行业绩效的影响，同时亦检验了市容环卫专用车辆设备数和无害化垃圾处理场（厂）个数等因素对城市垃圾处理行业绩效的影响，结论如下：（1）征收城市生活垃圾处理费增强了垃圾清运能力，提高了垃圾无害化处理能力，促进了城市垃圾处理行业绩效的提升；（2）维护城建垃圾处理支出本身对垃圾清运能力的增强没有显著促进作用，但加入市场化改革因素后，维护城建垃圾处理支出对清运量的增加效应比市场化改革前更显著，并随着改革的推进而不断增强；（3）垃圾处理固定资产投资促进了垃圾无害化处理能力的提升，加入市场化改革因素后，垃圾处理固定资产投资对垃圾无害化处理能力的提升效果比市场化改革前更明显，并随着改革的深化而逐步增强；（4）市容环卫专用车辆设备的增多能显著提高垃圾清运能力和无害化处理能力，无害化处理场（厂）的增加可以显著提高垃圾无害化处理能力。

An Empirical Study on Performance in MSW Industry Under the Market-Oriented Reform

Using inter-provincial panel data of 2001--2011, this article buih a fixed effects model, then examined several factors affecting the performance of MSW industry under the market-oriented reform, such as waste charging, domestic garbage treatment expenditures, fixed asset investment about waste disposal, number of vehicles and equipment designated for munici- pal environmental sanitation, number of harmless treatment plants. The conclusions are that： （ 1 ） Waste charging can increasethe collected and Transported amount , and improve the harmless treatment capacity; （2） Domestic garbage treatment expendi- tures can not play a significant role in promoting the increase of the collected and Transported amount of MSW, but if the factor of market-oriented reforms has been considered, domestic garbage treatment expenditures can play a significant role in promo- ting the increase of the same variable, compared with the case before the reform, and the effect will be strengthen with the ad- vancement of the reform ; （3） The fixed asset investment can increase the harmless treatment capacity, and if the factor of mar- ket-oriented reforms has been considered, the fixed asset investment can play significant role in promoting the increase of the same variable, compared with the case before the reform, and the effect will be strengthen with the advancement of the reform ; （4） The number of vehicles and equipment can play significant role in promoting the increase of the collected and Transported amount of MSW and the harmless treatment capacity, and the number of harmless treatment plants can play significant role in promoting the increase of harmless treatment capacity.