人格的私法构造——以“伦理人”的历史演进为视角简

人格突破民法、超越宪法，是一个伦理概念。伦理人的演进主导了人格的发展。罗马法上的身份与伦理人无关，并非现代意义上的人格。伦理人移植于近代私法后，以权利能力为工具演化出权利主体、人格权两个概念。现代私法则完成了主体的具体化、人格权立法的独立，并导致了伦理人格的入宪。私法人格具有“四元”结构：作为技术人格的权利能力，作为法律人格的法律主体，作为事实人格的人格权，蕴含伦理人格的人之尊严条款。

The Construction of Personality in Private law

The personality is an ethical concept, which surpasses the civil law and is beyond the Constitution. The evolution of Ethical Man dominates the developments of the personality. Roman＇s identity has nothing to do with Ethical Man, and is not the personality in modern sense. Ethical Man was transplanted in recent private law. And with the legal capacity as a means, it brought about two concepts, subject of rights and personality rights. While modern Private Law has completed the reification of subject and the independence of personality rights in legislation, and led the ethical personality into the constitution. The person- ality has a four-fold structure： the Legal Capacity as a technical personality, the Legal Subjects as a legal personality, the Personality upon Personality Rights as a fact personality, the Constitutional Value contains in general terms as an ethical personality.