清代台湾滨海的海埔产权纠纷及其官民应对策略——以乾隆年间海埔纠纷为例

台湾岛西南内海区域在河川、风灾、水灾等因素的影响下,大量泥沙淤积而形成新的海埔地,这些尚未纳入租税体制却有利可图的土地成为各类人群争夺的目标,不同生计模式的人群对这片土地产权归属有着不同的认知,他们各自的权益伸张导致当地官司连年。举凡乾隆二十四年(1759)、五十三年(1788)、五十七年(1792)一连串“海坪”霸占争议案件,皆由此而来;而乾隆三十五年(1770)的禁垦海埔与盐场废地以及乾隆五十六年(1791)的晒丁械斗杀人事件,亦是源于对盐场周遭海埔地的产权纠纷。不同利益群体的权益伸张以及官府的判定原则始终取决于当地复杂的人际网络与利益分配关系,这也决定着海埔地的产权归属。

The Disputes over the Property Rights of the Coastal Areas of Taiwan and the Countermeasures of Its Officials and People in the Qing Dynasty:A Case Study of the Coastal Area Dispute in Qianlong Period

Under the influence of rivers,wind disasters,floods and other factors,a large amount of sediment had been deposited in the southwest inland sea area of Taiwan,which,profitable but had not been included in the tax system,had become a target of rivalry for various groups of people.As people with different livelihood patterns had different perceptions of the ownership of the land property rights,their respective rights and interests had led to local lawsuits for many years.For example,a series of controversial cases over the occupation of Haiping(the coastal flat)in the 24 year(1759),53 year(1788),and 57 year(1795)of Qianlong’s reign were all caused by the disputes over the property rights of Haipu(the coastal area)around the salt fields.In 1771,the forbidden reclamation of Haipu and the wasteland of saltworks,and the homicide case in Shaiding in 1794 were also the causes of the property rights disputes over Haipu.In fact,the promotion of the rights and interests of different interest groups and the judgment principle of the government always depend on the local complex interpersonal network and the interest distribution relationship,which also determines the ownership of Haipu land.