中国船舶污染强制责任保险相关规则的探讨

针对中国航运产业小型船舶和内河航运船舶所造成的污染导致受害者很难得到充分赔偿的情况,中国立法作出了种种尝试：在国际法层面上,1999年加入了《1992年国际油污损害民事责任公约》,《2001年国际燃油污染损害民事责任公约》也于2009年对中国生效,但中国没有加入《1996年国际海上运输有害有毒物质责任和损害赔偿公约》。在国内法层面上,包括中国海事局2008年4月出台的《船舶污染事故调查处理管理规定》等规范文件,都没有出现统一详细的有关船舶安全、防范污染的海上强制保险的明确规定。如何在中国建立一个符合航运国情的污染强制责任保险制度成为一个亟须解决的问题。就此制度的建立,结合中国具体发展情况,提出建议与展望。

Research on marine compulsory liability of oil pollution insurance in China

To the pollution especially caused by small vessels and inland water transport vessels,China had made many attempts on the legislation： on the level of International Law,China had admitted to the Protocol of 1992 to Amend the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage,1964 in 1999;what＇s more,the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage,2001 had officially came into force in 2009,however,China is not a member of International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea,1996.On the level of domestic Law,there is still no defined and detailed law to enhance shipping safety and pollution prevention,though we had Regulations on Management of Investigation towards Oil Pollution Accidents which became binding on April 11th,2008 by Maritime Safety Administration of People＇s Republic of China.From all of the above,we can safely draw into a conclusion that it is urgent to build our own compulsory liability of oil pollution insurance system according to the critical situation nowadays.This essay expresses the author＇s expectations and suggestions on the building process and performance of the system,with analysis of the status quo related in China.