差异公民资格与正义:艾利斯·马瑞恩·杨政治哲学探微

在当代西方女性主义政治哲学中,艾利斯·马瑞恩·杨以其"差异的公民资格"与"差异政治"而独具特色.从对罗尔斯为代表的自由主义普遍公民资格的批判出发,她说明了自由主义普遍公民资格如何忽略或至少是回避了差异及差异群体的权利要求.她以差异的公民资格为切入点,揭示出女性主义政治哲学之差异正义的根本理论诉求,这不仅为女性等差异性群体争取自身权利指明了方向,也试图以另外一种新的视角,即公民资格的理论视角,冲击传统意义上普遍主义的正义理解.在当代多元文化的广阔背景下,差异的公民资格和差异平等的正义观照正越来越成为差异性群体争取自身权利的理论武器,而差异正义的独特理论诉求也正日益成为普遍正义的一种有意义的补充.

Differential Citizenship and Justice: Iris Marion Young''''s Political Philosophy

In contemporary western feminist political philosophy,Iris Marion Young is unique owing to her view of"differential citizen- ship"and"differential politics".Criticizing universal citizenship embraced by liberal thinkers such as Rawls,Young argues that the view of universal citizenship neglects or at least shies away from gender-based differences and women's struggle for rights.With the concept of"differential citizenship,"Young undertakes an essentially academic pursue on the discovery of"differential justice,"an in- novative claim in feminist political philosophy.With this discovery,Young not only points out a direction for women's struggle for their rights,overcoming inequalities,but also challenges the"universal understanding"of justice from a new perspective of differential citizenship.Against the background of multiculturalism,the concepts of differential citizenship and differential justice have a chance to provide a theoretical weapon for marginalized communities to struggle for their rights.The pursuit of differential justice is also a signif- icant remedy to the concept of universal justice.