政府采购对中小企业优先规定之评析

我国的《政府采购法》与《中小企业促进法》同时有政府采购应当对中小企业优先的规定。政府采购与一般的民事采购不同,在追求采购经济效益的同时,还应负载社会和谐发展的政策目标。政府采购对中小企业优先的规定有相当的合理性,已经为许多国家所运用,称为“合同的治理”或“合同顺从”;但同时必须看到的是,该优先规定也会带来许多新的弊病。通过政府采购来扶持中小企业发展未必是最合理的选择,我国政府采购在对中小企业优先时只能作有限性优先的安排。

An Analysis of SMEs' Preferential Treatment in Government Procurements

In China,both the Government Procurements Act and the Act of Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises provide that in government procurements SMEs shall be preferentially treated.Government procurements differ from private purchases in that the former,while pursuing economic efficiency,must follow the policy to ensure a harmonious development of society.The idea to accord SMEs a preferential treatment in government procurement,which is called "contract governance" or "contract compliance," is rational and has been assumed in many countries.However,it has some demerits.In this author's opinion,to support SMEs by way of government procurements is not necessarily the most appropriate alternative.Therefore,the Chinese government should only make limited arrangements in most procurements to accord SMEs a preferential treatment.