民商合一立法体例理论质疑

民法典总则的制定体例选择民商合一还是民商分立，其依据在于民法和商法的关系，民法与商法的精神理念、价值原则和制度规范均不相同，两种法律关系的异质性决定了不能制定一部调整所有民商事关系的民法典总则。民法典的固有功能在于规范市民社会关系，民商合一体例将民法典的调整功能扩展到合理性范围之外，是对于私法立法发展趋势的误判，在实践中没有成功先例。民法只能在自有逻辑和制度功能范围内回应商事领域的变化，无力指导商事特别法。商法规则进入民法总则会带来逻辑混乱和功能错位，因此，按照纯化的民法逻辑来构造民法典总则的内容和体系是理性选择。

Theoretical Question on the Integration of Civil and Commercial in Legislation

Whether the formulation of the general principles of civil law shall be civil-and commercial-law-in-one style or civil-and-commercial-law-in-separation style shall be based on the relationship between civil and commercial laws. In fact, the differences between the civil law and commercial law in terms of the spiritual concept, value principles and standard structure are obvious. Therefore, the heterogeneity determines that the making of the general principles of civil code shall not be based on the one-for-all civil-and-commercial-relationship style. The inherent function of the civil code is to adjust the social relationship for the citizens while the civil-and-commercial-law-in-one style would expand the adjustment function of civil code into the unjustifiable range, which is the result from the misjudgment of the development tendency of the private law. Until now, there is no such a successful precedent. The civil law could only respond to the changes in the commercial field within its own logic and system function range, and is unable to guide the special commercial law. The entry of the commercial rules into the general principles of the civil law is bound to result in the logic disorder and functional dislocation. Therefore it is a rational choice to formulate the content and system of general principles of civil code according to the pure civil law logic.