非法证据排除规则的框架与反思

2017年新出台的有关非法证据排除问题的司法解释从实体和程序两个方面发展了我国现有的非法证据排除规则。该解释细化了“非法取证行为”的内涵，初步确立了重复性供述的排除规则，完善了程序性辩护制度，进一步明确了检察机关、法院在审判前和审判阶段排除程序中的主导作用。但不可否认的是，受司法体制等因素的影响，我国非法证据排除规则在实体的排除对象上仍存在一定的结构性难题；而在程序上，律师在程序性辩护中仍面临的一些制度性障碍、嫌疑人及其辩护人在审判前排除程序的参与不足以及审判阶段排除程序的形式化等都是亟待解决的问题。为了保证非法证据排除规则的有效实施，应当从根本上增强法院审判的独立性、权威性和公正性。

The Frame and Reflection of Exclusionary Rule of Illegal Evidence

The new judicial interpretation of illegal evidence exclusion promulgated in 2017 has developed the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence in our country from the two aspects of substantiality and procedure. The interpretation refines the connotation of "illegal collection behavior", initially establishes the exclusionary rule of repeated confession, improves the system of procedural defense and further clarifies the leading role of the prosecution and courts in the exclusion procedures of the pretrial and trial stage. Because of the factors of the judicial system, it is undeniable that there still exist some structural problems in the exclusion of entity object; and in the procedural part, lawyers are still facing some institutional barriers in the procedural defense, the lack of sufficient participation of the suspects and their counsels in the pretrial stage and formalization of the procedure of exclusion in the trial stage, all of which require urgent resolution. In order to ensure the effective implementation of the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence, it is of great importance to strengthen the court’s independence, authority and impartiality fundamentally.