韩非“以法为教”的德化思想论

韩非认为,无论是人的素质,还是人性的现实,都处在不甚完美的境地,因此,施行“以法为教”的德化是必要的。在营筑德化的具体过程里,韩非重视的不是微观问题的辨析,而是宏观视阈层面上机制的建设。在内在的方面,依据万物“有所宜”而因循万物特性的方面受到推重,因循不是简单的消极行为,在“因物以治物”的二维动宾语言结构里,它仍然体现着行为主体的积极主动性。在外在的方面,通过在“形名参同”的实功、实效轨道上,设置了由因能以任、称功赋禄、赏罚组成的互动链,为万物“宜其能”提供了有力的支撑,并为万物“有所施”创造了条件,同时在动态上又为万物“处其宜”形成了自然的驱动力,并最终完成德化活性化的追求。其意义积极而深远,值得借鉴。

Hanfei''''s Ideology of Improving Human Morals by Way of "Education on the Basis of Fa"

In Hanfei’s opinion, neither human qualities nor the reality of human nature is perfect. Therefore, it is necessary to improve human morals by way of “education on the basis of Fa.” While practically raising morals, what Hanfei concerns is not analyzing microscopic questions, but establishing macroscopic structures. In internal aspects, “that all things should be dealt with in accordance with their features” is thought highly of for “there is always a specific way that is best or fit for each of them.” That all things should be dealt with in accordance with their essential features is by no means passive. Rather, the verb-object lingual structure of “dealing with things in accordance with their features” embodies activeness of the actor. In external aspects, in line with being practically and effectively worthy of the name, Hanfei establishes an interactive promoting structure in which a man is appointed in accordance with his competence, paid in accordance with his contribution, and awarded or sanctioned in accordance with his merits or evils. Such a structure provides a strong support for all things to exert their own competence and creates conditions for them to display their faculties. At the same time, it dynamically and naturally urges all things to feel quiet and comfortable and ultimately accomplishes the aspiration of improving morals actively. It has positive and profound significance and is worthy of reference.