论地方人大的共同立法

为区域合作提供充分的法律资源,必须加强立法协同。其中,对属于地方权限范围、通过其他途径难以解决以及宪法和法律未禁止的事务,经法律上的允许,有关地方人大可以通过协商,共同起草建议稿,分别审议、通过,以各自的文号共同发布地方性法规,即开展地方共同立法。我国宪法体现了有关区域合作的精神、原则,有关法律上存在“协商条款”,但我国目前尚无地方人大共同发布地方性法规的直接法律依据。有需求的地方人大共同制定地方性法规,应取得全国人大常委会的授权。从长远、普遍性需求来看,全国人大常委会应修改我国《立法法》,作出相关明确规定。地方共同法规在内容上按所达成的共识而定。它除了与一般地方性法规相同的必要条款外,还应包括实施主体条款、利益平衡条款、开放性条款、效力条款和纠纷解决条款等特殊条款。

Joint Legislation by Local People's Congresses

In order to provide sufficient legal resources for regional cooperation,legislative coordination must be strengthened.For affairs that fall into the scope of those being governed by local authorities,can hardly be solved by other means,and are not prohibited by Constitution and laws,relevant local people's congresses may jointly draft proposals through consultation,respectively read and pass them,and promulgate local regulations with their own reference numbers,namely,carry out joint local legislation.The spirit and principle on regional cooperation are embodied in the Constitution,and"Negotiation Clauses"also exist in relevant laws,but there is no direct legal ground for local people's congresses to issue local regulations jointly.Local People's Congresses in demand of jointly promulgating local regulations should obtain authorization from the Standing Committee of National People's Congress.From the perspective of long-term and pervasive demands,the Standing Committee of National People's Congress shall revise Law on Legislation and make explicit stipulation for joint legislation.The contents of joint local regulations are decided on basis of reached consensus.In addition to necessary clauses the same as those contained in general local regulations,special clauses on implementing subjects,balance of interests,open affairs,effectiveness,and disputes resolution,etc.should also be included.