论科学证据的采信——以“认知”与“评价”为视角的观察与反思

科学证据采信的疑难在于认知因素与评价因素的综合影响。通过对科学证据特有的＂认知—评价＂结构分析和比较科学证据采信中的＂认知＂因素与＂评价＂因素,科学证据采信疑难的症结在于,科学认知与经验认知、专家评价与裁判者评价、认知与评价之间的差异所导致的不同思维方法、评价标准之间的张力。对裁判者采信科学证据特有的＂认知过程与评价过程＂进行分析,澄清理论上的疑惑和为裁判者采信科学证据提供清晰的思路。对科学证据采信的主体要素、标准要素和程序要素进行检讨和反思,构建我国科学证据采信机制。

On the Scientific Evidence Admissibility——Rethinking from the Perspective of "Cognition" Against "Evaluation"

The issue of scientific evidence admissibility is influenced by the effect of cognition element together with evaluation elements.By analyzing the Cognition-Evaluation structures,which is special to scientific evidence,and comparing Cognition element with Evaluation elements in the admissibility of scientific evidence,one can see that the difficulties of admissibility of scientific evidence rests with the conflict between different way of thinking and evaluation standards cause by differences between scient...