美国反恐立法的合宪性控制

9．11事件后，美国发动“反恐战争”，使得国会立法和总统命令构成的二元反恐机制严重威胁到三权分立的制衡格局以及基本权利的保障精神。在美国宪政体系中，最高法院的违宪审查及宪法监督是国家权力平衡机制的重要守护者。2001年以来，最高法院对于反恐案件的审判使得违宪的反恐立法及反恐措施得到修正，国家政策得以回归正常宪政秩序。因此，美国宪政体制对反恐立法的合宪性控制值得各国学习和借鉴。

The Constitutionality Control of American Anti-Terrorism Legislation

The United States launched the ＂war against terrorism＂ after the 9.11 terrorist attacks, making a du- alistic anti-terrorism mechanism composed of congressional legislation and executive orders which poses serious threat to the Checks and Balances pattern as well as the safeguard of fundamental rights. Investigation on viola- tion of the Constitution and constitutional supervision are deemed as a significant guardian of the state power bal- ance in the American constitutional system. Since 2001, court trials held by Supreme Court have made unconsti- tutional anti-terrorism legislations and measures revised and called the national policy for a return to constitu- tional order. Therefore, the effective constitutionality control of anti-terrorism legislation based on American con- stitutional system deserves learning and using for reference by other nations.