青岛地区常见嗜尸性蝇种及其季节性分布研究

目的观察青岛地区嗜尸性蝇种季节性演替规律,为死亡时间推断提供参考。方法在室外设立田间观察场所,2012年4月1日开始至2013年4月1日,每月第1天6时放置猪尸,20min后开始观察,至18时,期间每小时观察1次;第3天以后,分别于7时、12时、18时各观察1次。观察时记录尸体上出现的昆虫种类、虫态、数量并采集相应标本,进行分类鉴定。结果可以观察到有嗜尸性蝇类侵袭尸体的月份为4月至11月,共发现3科23种蝇类,其中丝光绿蝇、大头金蝇和亮绿蝇数量位列前三,分别占全部观察数量的40.71%、31.95%和7.12%。丝光绿蝇、大头金蝇中午时段出现的数量显著多于早上和傍晚。一年中各种蝇类在中午出现的数量均多于早上及晚上。4月上旬,蝇类早、晚与中午出现的数量相差显著;而在7、8月份差别较小。大部分嗜尸性蝇种集中在新鲜期和肿胀期。结论本文观察数据可为利用嗜尸性蝇类演替规律进行法医学死亡时间推断,以及建立地区嗜尸性蝇种类数据提供参考。

Study on the common species and seasonal succession of necrophagous flies in Qingdao region

Objective To provide reference law of seasonal succession of necrophagous fly in for the determination of postmortem time according to the Qingdao region. Methods The outdoor place was set in the field and the pig carcasses was continuously put for observation from 1st, April, 2012 to 1st, April, 2013. The pig carcasses were put at 6：00 of the first day of each month, and the occurrence of necrophagous fly was observed 20min after, then was observed every one hour till 18：00 of this day; 3 days after, the observation was carried out at 7：00, 12：00 and 18：00 respectively. The insects appeared around the pig carcasses were collected and indentified, the sorts, phase and amount were record. Results The result showed that the necrophagous flies can attack the pig carcasses from April to November; there are 23 species of necrophagous flies that belong to 3 families were record. Among these flies, Lucilia sericata, Chrysomyia megacephala and L. illustris took the first three positions for the amount, with the proportion of 40. 71% ,31.95% and 7. 12% respectively. The amount of L. sericata, and C. megacephala appeared at noon were obviously greater than that appeared at dusk. The amount of different sorts of flies appeared at noon were all greater than that appeared at morning and dusk through the whole year. The difference was significant at first ten days of April, while not significant at July and August. Most necrophagous flies appeared at the ＂fresh stage＂ and ＂swelling stage＂ of the pig carcasses. Conclusion The law of seasonal succession of necrophagous flies indicated by our experiment can provide reference for the determination of postmortem time in Qingdao region, and can provide support to the construction of regional database of necrophagous flies.