美国食品安全监管的第三方审核机制研究

2010年美国通过了《FDA食品安全现代化法》,对进口食品安全监管首次引入第三方审核制度。这一规定背后反映的是美国在食品供应链全球化之后,传统的监管机制日益不敷现实之需而借鉴私人监管创新的结果。本文梳理了该法规定的第三方审核机制的适用范围和主要制度安排,同时考察了美国食品安全第三方审核机制的实践,深入分析了其存在的问题和面临的挑战。最后,作者探讨了美国这一机制对我国加强食品安全监管可能具有的启示。

A Study on the Third Party Audit of U.S.Supervision on Food Safety

In 2010 the United States passed the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act,in which the third party audit was first introduced in supervision on export food safety.This shows a trend that the traditional regulatory mechanism cannot meet the realistic demand and private regulatory innovation should be used with U.S.global food supply.This paper describes the scope and the major institutional arrangements of the third-party audit in the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act,investigates the practice of the third-party audit as the means of U.S.supervision on food safety and analyzes in-depth its problems and challenges.Finally,it analyzes the significance of this Act for China’s strengthening food safety supervision.