需求溢出理论与公共管理学基础理论的构建

需求溢出理论的提出,意在弥补公共管理学基础理论薄弱的问题,尤其是弥补当前公共管理的流行理论在政府职能定位方面的不足。需求溢出理论主张:个人需求超出其本人及家庭的满足能力即为需求溢出,个人的需求溢出生成社会的公共事务,解决个人的需求溢出问题是公共管理的终极使命;当合法的个人需求之间发生冲突,具有压倒性正义优势因而需要由公共权力来维护的一方的需求溢出,即为公共利益。由此,需求溢出理论以个人的需求溢出为标尺,对政府的职能定位提出了比其他理论更为明确的方向性指导,因而更宜作为公共管理学的基础理论。

On the Demand Spillover Theory and the Basic Theory of Public Administration

The demand spillover theory is supposed to compensate for the weakness of the basic theory of public administration,especially for the deficiencies of currently popular theories of public administration in the government function.The demand spillover theory holds that: pushing individual-demand beyond themselves’and their families’capabilities may be interpreted as the demand spillover.Since the individual-demand spillover generates social public affairs,addressing the problem of individual-demand spillover is the ultimate mission of public administration.The public interest refers to the demand spillover that has an overwhelming justice and thus should be safeguarded by the public power when legitimate individual-demands conflict with each other.Therefore,since it takes the individual demand spillover as a scale,the demand spillover theory provides a more clearly directional guidance than any other theory for determining government functions and is more appropriate as the basic theory of public administration.