我国不起诉制度的历史、现状与完善

不起诉制度是刑罚理论由惩罚论到目的论转化的产物,是刑事起诉便宜主义的具体体现。1996年刑事诉讼法取消了"定罪免刑"的免于起诉制度,通过规定酌定不起诉保留了检察机关在审查起诉阶段的自由裁量权,增设证据不足不起诉,在一定程度上缓解了公安机关由于证据不足超期羁押的现象。但是经过十几年的司法实践,我国不起诉制度出现了一些问题:法定不起诉立法范围过窄、相对不起诉的自由裁量空间有限、证据不足的可以不起诉违反了疑罪从无的精神。完善我国不起诉制度就要通过扩大法定不起诉和相对不起诉的范围来发挥其便宜主义的功能、实行暂缓起诉制度在被害人权益和社会公共利益之间寻找平衡点。

The History,Present Situation and Improvement of Non-Prosecution in China

Non-prosecution is a product of the theory of destination in Criminology.It is a reflection of utilitarianism in criminal prosecution.In 1996,Criminal Procedure Law canceled the system of prosecution-avoiding.The right of discretion was reserved through considering non-prosecution.The emergence of non-prosecution because of inadequate evidence buffered the phenomenon of overdue custody.However,over 10 years,there are some new problems,the narrow range of legal non-prosecution,the limited discretion of relative non-prosecution,the confliction of non-prosecution to presumed innocent until proven guilty.Therefore,the way of improving non-prosecution is to find the balance between the right of victims and social public interest.