从“抽象证明责任”到“具体举证责任”——德、日民事证据法研究的实践转向及其对我国的启示

德国、日本民事证据法研究的发展沿革及最新趋势显示,客观(抽象)证明责任的主导地位正在被能更好解释诉讼证明实践的具体举证责任概念所取代。这一趋势启示我国民事证据法的研究重心也应转移到以表见证明、摸索证明、事实推定、阐明义务、证明妨碍等制度为主要论题的具体举证责任领域,以这一理论指导司法实践以实现案件事实认定过程中的信息最大化与诉讼公正。

From "Abstract Burden of Proof" to "Concrete Burden of Proof"

In Germany and Japan,the latest trends in the field of the development of research on civil evidence show that the dominance of the Objective(abstract) Burden of Proof was being replaced by the Concrete Burden of Proof,because it can better explain the proceedings to prove the actual process.This trend reveals that China’s research in the field of civil law of evidence should also be transferred to the field of the Concrete Burden of Proof such as the prima facie proof,the fishing expedition,the presumption of fact,the spoliation of evidence.That theory should be the basis to guide judicial practice in order to maximize the information and access to justice in civil proceedings.