法学视野下的人工器官产品研究

随着生物材料技术、免疫抑制技术、转基因和克隆工程的发展,人工器官正逐渐通过实验研究进入临床应用阶段,为解决器官捐献人不足开辟了新途径。受法律调整的人工器官应当包括人工材料制成的医疗设备和装置、利用干细胞技术培育的人工器官和组织、被敲除与人血不相容的动物DNA片段的动物器官和组织。人工器官与生命伦理密切相关,其造成的损害具有特殊性。警示、召回是人工器官缺陷的主要补救措施。人工器官分配除了应当考虑相对成功率、预期寿命和家庭角色,还应当考虑拟植入候选人的过去服务,以便体现公正原则。

Artificial Organs Study from the Perspective of Law

Powered by the latest development of biomaterial technology,immune suppression technique,genetically modified(GM)and cloning projects,study of artificial organs is entering a new phase,from experimental study into clinical practice.It provides a new way to solve the problem of short supply of donated organs.By challenging the current definition of artificial organs,this paper is putting forward a more accurate one in the perspective of law,which includes medical equipment and devices made by artificial materials,artificial organs and tissues grown from stem cells,and animal organs and tissues with no incompatible DNA fragments.Moreover,this paper makes an examination in the legal sense and a jurisprudential analysis of the features of artificial organs,their distribution and the remediation of their deficiency,and proves that artificial organs are closely related to bioethics,so their damage to the patients should be unique and that we should consider not only comparative success rate,life expectancy,family roles but also the previous contributions of the candidates to be implanted in artificial organs distribution,in order to reflect the principles of justice.