德国法律对艺术伪造行为的规制——兼与我国相关法律的比较

对艺术伪造的理解在德国有广义和狭义之分.广义的艺术伪造包括艺术模仿、艺术篡改和艺术诈骗.狭义的艺术伪造则与广义的艺术伪造中的艺术诈骗是一致的,都与被署名人的作品无关.不过,从德国法律适用的角度看,艺术伪造主要分为两类:一类是与被署名人作品无关的艺术伪造；另一类则是与被署名人作品有关的艺术伪造.对前者的认定不是依据德国著作权法,而是依据其他法律；对后者的认定则是依据德国著作权法,同时德国刑法有关规定对此亦可适用.与我国法相比,德国著作权法更强调以作品存在为前提来保护作者的著作权.另外,对与被署名人作品有关的艺术伪造的规制,德国法律严于我国.

The Legal Regulation of Art Forgery in Germany:Compared with Chinese Law

There are both general and special understandings of art forgery in Germany.The general understanding includes the imitation of artistic works,the falsification of artistic works and the fraud of artistic works.The special art forgery is similar to mentioned the fraud of artistic works for they both have nothing to do with the undersigned works.From the perspective of German legal application,there are two kinds of art forgery,one having nothing to do with the undersigned works and the opposite one.The former is defined according to laws except German Copyright Law,while the latter is based on both German Copyright Law and the relevant provisions in German Criminal Law.Compared with Chinese law,German copyright law has more emphasis on the existing work as a precondition to protect authors’ copyright.In addition,the regulation of art forgery relating to the undersigned works in Germany is more stringent than that in China.