Shining light into dark shadows of violence and learned helplessness: peace education in South Korean schools |
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Authors: | Soonjung Kwon Kristján Kristjánsson |
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Affiliation: | 1. School of Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea;2. The Jubilee Centre for Character and Virtues, School of Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK |
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Abstract: | The paper illustrates how a culture of violence is perpetuated and reproduced in South Korea through schooling and argues that peace education could help transform a culture of violence to a culture of peace. Critical ethnographic methods and a framework of peace education were applied to a sample of secondary schools in South Korea to argue that a disturbing culture of violence and learned helplessness were present; this comprises themes of direct and indirect violence through iljin (a group of students who are considered key perpetrators of school violence); a colonized false ideology and resistance to social justice. More positively, findings are also used to generate possibilities for pedagogical change based on peace education – an approach that proves useful both as an analytical frame for examining peace-violence relations in education and society and as an essential pedagogy for progressing towards peace in South Korean schools. |
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Keywords: | South Korean schools peace education pedagogical change critical ethnography |
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