责任主义与违法性认识问题

违法性认识问题的提出,根源于绝对的知法推定的动摇。知法的推动动摇后,传统的法律错误处理规则与责任主义的冲突随之而来。笔者认为,有必要从责任主义的角度,重新审视不知法不免责的准则,并对法律错误的处理还原为刑事责任的一般问题。围绕违法性认识所引发的纷争,折射的是责任主义刑法在风险社会所遭遇的困境。各国通过对法律技术或制度的选择性运用,来求取刑法规制与责任主义之间的平衡。对我国刑法而言,问题的关键不在于违法性认识在犯罪论体系中的位置,而是构建或完善能够维护个体正义的制度技术。

Responsibilitism and Knowledge of Illegality

The problem of illegal consciousness results from the collapse of absolute presumption of legal knowledge,and then a conflict of the culpability requirement arises with the doctrine of "ignorance of law is no excuse".It is necessary to rethink the doctrine from the perspective of the principle of culpability.The debate about illegal consciousness reflects the predicament of the principle in risk society.People depend on various legislative and judicial techniques whose efficiency needs to be reviewed,so as to keep a balance between an orientation of regulation in criminal law and the culpability requirement.The key to the problem of mistake of law in China is not how to define the position of illegal consciousness in the crime elements analysis system,but how to construct and promote the mechanisms and techniques essential for individual justice.