中国画空间感的转换与近代中国的道德主题——以宗白华的中国美学研究为个案

中国画的空间感在近代发生了一次意义深远的转换。宗白华堪称这次转换在理论方面的集大成者。在他的中国美学研究中，空间意识或空间感始终是一个重要的中介，将他的生命哲学与艺术意境理论连接起来。空间感固有的“动”与“静”“实”与“虚”的整体结构关系的重心，在宗白华的中国美学研究中发生了一次由静到动、由虚到实的转移。这一转移首先是西方现代生命哲学与中国传统思想对话的产物。中西对话又被特定的文化氛围所提出的主题所形塑。这个主题即是近代中国“道德革命”以来逐步形成的由概念到个性的道德主题。从这个角度出发，中国画空间感转换的深意在逻辑和历史两个层面上就能够得到更深入的理解。

The Transformation of the Sense of Space in Chinese Paintings and the Moral Theme in Modern China——Take the Chinese Aesthetics Studies of Zong Baihua as a Case

The sense of space in Chinese paintings has undergone a significant transformation in modern times. Zong Baihua is the master of this transformation in theory. In his art studies, the spatial awareness or spatial sense is always an important intermediary, linking his philosophy of life and artistic conception theory. The relationship between “dynamic” / “static” and “real” / “virtual” in the structure of the spatial sense has been turned from static to dynamic and from virtual to real in Zong Baihua. This change is the product of the dialogue between the western modern life philosophy and the Chinese traditional thought. The dialogue occurs in the atmosphere of a particular intellectual history. The most fundamental content of this sense is the moral theme of modern China. From this perspective, the profound meaning of the transformation of the spatial sense in Chinese paintings can be further understood in logic and history, and it can be evaluated in a more sensible way.