破解垃圾分类困境的社区经验及其优化

垃圾分类对资源再利用和社会可持续发展的意义重大,但现阶段社区垃圾分类困境仍比较突出。调查发现,N市D社区以居民共同管理、共同监督的方式,逐步摸索出一套破解垃圾分类难题的基层经验。一方面,社区组建垃圾分类居民志愿组织,依托组织中居民间的“人情关系”互动,以“熟人”劝说的方式引导居民参与垃圾分类。另一方面,社区参与垃圾分类居民通过舆论监督来制造“面子”压力,迫使未参与垃圾分类的居民为了“不丢面子”而参与社区垃圾分类。但从模式复制及推广的角度而言,社区经验还存在政府缺位、资金匮乏以及制度保障相对滞后等不足,由此提出应建立多元主体协同治理机制、设置社区居民自治激励资金、完善垃圾分类法律法规等优化建议。

Community Experience and Its Optimization in Solving the Dilemma of Garbage Classification

Garbage classification is of great significance to the reuse of resources and the sustainable development of society, but the plight of community garbage classification is still prominent at this stage. The survey found that D community in N city gradually explored a set of grassroots experience to solve the problem of garbage classification by means of common management and supervision of residents. On the one hand, the community sets up voluntary organizations for garbage sorting residents, relying on the interaction of "human relations" among residents in the organizations, to guide residents to participate in garbage sorting in the way of "acquaintances" persuasion. On the other hand, community participants in garbage classification create "face" pressure through public opinion supervision, forcing residents who do not participate in garbage classification to participate in community garbage classification in order to "not lose face". However, from the perspective of model replication and promotion, there are still some shortcomings in community experience, such as government vacancy, lack of funds and lagging system guarantee. Therefore, some optimization suggestions are put forward, such as establishing a multi-subject cooperative governance mechanism, setting up community residents'self-governing incentive funds, and improving garbage classification laws and regulations.