“扶贫抗争”与农村反哺资源的分配治理——基于秦巴山区T镇的田野研究

资源反哺背景下，扶贫资源的输入对农村基层治理既是有利条件又是新的挑战。农村社会在获得扶贫资源、摆脱贫困的同时，也出现了资源分配的新问题。从秦巴山区T镇扶贫实践过程来看，扶贫抗争已经成为当前农民抗争的重要形式。与传统的日常抵抗、依法抗争相比，扶贫抗争在动因上大多起因于相对不受益，在方式上具有低烈度不满的特征，在形态上表现为弥散性氛围。对于中国农村基层治理而言，需要完善农村社会的分配治理机制，做好资源反哺的“期待控制”、协调多重面向的“分配正义”、强化基层治理的“主动回应”，以此为基础提高农村分配治理能力，完善“资源反哺—资源分配—农民满意—治理有效”的逻辑链条。

Resistances in the Poverty Alleviation and the Distributing Governance of Rural Back-feeding Resources: A Field Study of T Town in Qinba Mountain Area

In the context of resource feedback, the input of poverty alleviation resources is both a favorable condition and a new challenge for rural grassroots governance. While rural communities have obtained poverty alleviation resources to get rid of poverty, new problems have emerged in resource distribution. Taking the resistances cases in the town of Qinba Mountain area as an example, the “resistances in the poverty alleviation” (RPA) have become the main type of resistances in the rural society. Compared with everyday resistance and justice resistance, the motivations of RPA are mostly caused by a relative lack of benefit, characterized by a low intensity of dissatisfaction with a spreading tendency. For China’s rural grassroots governance, it is necessary to improve the distributing governance mechanism in rural society. Expectation control of resource feedback, multiple-oriented distribution justice, and active political response of grassroots governance are all requisite measures in order to improve rural distribution management capacity, and it is necessary to ameliorate the logical chain of resource feedback—resource distributing—peasants satisfied—effective governance.