当代农村人际关系变迁的实证研究——以结婚礼账的宾客记录为依据

迄今，国内学者主要研究了城市的人际关系，而农村的人际关系却研究得不够充分。以河北省海兴县高湾镇为例，运用访谈调查法，根据结婚礼账上的宾客记录，明确了当前农村人际关系的现状。分析发现：城市化快速发展导致农村的人际关系产生了如下变化，（1）因缘结构依照血缘关系、姻缘关系、趣缘关系、学缘关系、地缘关系、其他关系顺序依次减少。（2）关系总量及不同因缘关系的数量因家庭而呈现显著差异，表现出严重的分化状态。（3）人际关系以个人间关系为主，而家庭间关系较少，并且人际关系呈现显著的同质性。（4）在因缘范围方面，血缘关系基本维持在四等亲以内，而姻缘关系基本维持在三等亲以内。（5）人际关系的感情性较弱，而功利性较强，这种倾向甚至体现在近亲属之间。（6）人际关系的功利性指向已经成为目前农村人际交往的规则。本文最后，就研究发现的产生机制、普适性进行了讨论，并指出了今后需要进一步研究的问题。

Empirical Study on the Changes of Contemporary Rural Interpersonal Relations——Based on the Guest Record of Wedding Bill Records

So far, domestic scholars have mainly studied urban interpersonal relationships, while rural interpersonal relationship study remain insufficient. Taking Gaowan town of Haixing county in Hebei Province as an example, this paper makes clear the present situation of rural interpersonal relationships according to the wedding guest records. The analysis finds that the rapid development of urbanization has led to the following changes in rural interpersonal relationships: (1) The structure of the relationship declines according to the order of blood relationship, marriage relationship, interest relationship, academic relationship, geographical relationship, and other relationships. (2) The total number of relationships and the number of different relationships show significant differences between families and show serious differentiation. (3) Interpersonal relationships are dominated by personal relationships, while family relationships are less, and interpersonal relationships show significant homogeneity. (4) In terms of relationship, the blood relationship is basically maintained within the fourth grade, while the marriage relationship is basically maintained within the third grade. (5) Interpersonal relationships are less emotional but more utilitarian. This tendency is even reflected in close relatives. (6) The utilitarian direction of interpersonal relations has become the rule of rural interpersonal communication. Finally, the paper discusses the mechanism and generality of the research findings, and points out the problems for further study.