工伤补偿制度:起源、问题与解决

社会化的工伤保险制度系因应工业社会中频发的工伤而产生,在一些国家是工伤补偿以禁止劳动者对雇主请求民事侵权赔偿为前提的,除第三人侵权情形外,我国亦是如此.但工伤补偿和民事侵权赔偿的差异,导致了两个方面的问题:劳动者无法获得充分赔偿和雇主对安全问题的懈怠,这要求工伤补偿与民事侵权赔偿之间的制度衔接.工伤补偿制度仅应适用于无过错责任,在雇主存在过错的情况下,应赋予劳动者独立的民事侵权责任求偿权,确立过错责任和无过错责任之间补充的关系.

Industrial Injury Compensation:origin, problems and resolution

The social industrial injury compensation system emerged as a means to the settlement of constant occurrence of industrial injuries;in many countries the workers get the compensation on the condition that they lose their rights to bring suits on tort liability against the employers.In China,the situation is the same in many circumstances.The difference between injury compensation and tort liability resulted in two problems:the lower compensation of the workers and the employers' neglect in security,which requires the connection between industrial injury compensation and liability in torts.The industrial injury compensation should only apply to the non-fault liability while the liability in torts should apply to the fault liability.The relationship between them is supplementary.