论斯瓦尔巴群岛的法律地位

斯瓦尔巴群岛又称斯匹次卑尔根群岛，是北极地区的重要岛屿。1920年的《斯匹次卑尔根群岛条约》改变了斯瓦尔巴群岛无主地的法律地位，将该岛主权赋予挪威，在群岛上确立了“主权确定，共同开发”的原则，但挪威对斯瓦尔巴群岛享有的“完全和绝对的”主权是在《斯匹次卑尔根群岛条约》规定限制下的有限主权，与传统国际法意义上主权的概念不尽相同。挪威以这种“有限”主权依据《联合国海洋法公约》规定享有专属经济区和大陆架，必将损害《斯匹次卑尔根群岛条约》设立的公平原则，未来对斯瓦尔巴群岛法律地位的争议还将长期存在。

On The Legal Situation of the Svalbard Islands

The Svalbard archipelago is the important archipelago in the Arctic. The Spitsbergen Treaty of 1920 conferred the sovereignty on Norway regarding Svalbard subject to the stipulations of the Treaty. The 1920 Svalbard Treaty recognized Norway＇ s sovereignty over the islands also provides the nationals of other contracting parties with equal rights to explore and exploit the natural resources of the area generated by Svalbard. It changed the legal situation of the archipelago that was terra nullius before 1920. But the concept of sovereignty of Spitsbergen based on the Spitsbergen Treaty of 1920 is different from the sovereignty as defined by international law. This kind of sovereignty is limited sovereignty under the Spitsbergen Treaty. Norway established exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf entitled ＂ incomplete＂ sovereignty under the regime of the Treaty based on United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Norway＇ s claims are unfair to the other contracting parties of the Spitsbergen Treaty.