全面二孩政策背景下婴幼儿照料对女性工资收入的影响研究

照料孩子往往使职业女性遭受"生育工资惩罚",全面二孩政策是否会加重这种"惩罚"?研究基于广东省的问卷数据,得出如下结论:在孩子0—3岁时母亲的照料时间付出会对其工资产生负向影响;相比于一孩母亲,照料孩子的时间付出对二孩母亲工资的负向影响更强;对婴幼儿照料的支持有助于提高母亲的工资;综合考量规模优势、幼儿早教、健康卫生等因素,托幼机构照料是几种照料方式中最优的。为降低母亲照料孩子的代价并提高全面二孩政策的实施效果,研究建议:政府应大力发展低龄幼儿托育机构,建立托育服务基本保障体系,并出台政策支持不同社会主体提供多层次的托育服务,以满足家庭不断增长的托育需求。

Research on the Impact of Infant and Young Child Care on Female Wage Income under the Background of Comprehensive Two-Chirld Policy

Taking care of children often makes women subject to the "reproductive wage penalty".Does the comprehensive two-child policyincrease this"penalty"?Based on the questionnaire data of Guangdong province,the study draws the following conlusions.When the child is3years old,the mother''s care time tends to have a negative impact on their wages.Compared with the one-child mother,the negative impact of wagesof the child''s care time paid of the two-child mother is stronger.Support for infant and child care can help raise the mother''s salary.In all kinds ofcare methods,childeare institutions care has a higher effect on the salary increase of one-child mothers and two-child mothers than those of nannycare and family members care.To reduce the cost of mothers''taking care of children and improve the implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy.the study suggests that to meet the growing demand for childcare in families,the government should vigorously develop child careinstitutions for young children.establish a basic guarantee system for child care services,and introduce policies to support different social entities toprovide multi-level child care services.