结构性变动对劳动生产率的影响：模型与实证

结构性改革的重点是通过经济结构变动、调整和优化,在市场配置的基础上充分促进劳动力流动,让低效率部门劳动力充分向高效率部门流动,从而激发劳动者的生产积极性,促进劳动生产率增长。因此,理论上两部门结构性效率差异模型分析了高效率部门和低效率部门之间劳动力流动对于激发劳动者积极性、提升劳动生产率的影响。在此基础上,使用1978-2017年城乡结构、产业结构、所有制结构、区域结构等年度时间序列数据,分析各自对于劳动生产率变动的影响。计量结果表明,在各种结构性变动因素影响劳动生产率的作用中,按照大小顺序依次是城市化、区域经济适度均衡并允许有条件区域加快发展、市场化和产业结构优化。因此,要通过有效促进城镇化、发达区域经济适度领先发展、市场化和产业结构高度化,来提高劳动生产率。

The Impact of Structural Changes on Labor Productivity: Models and Empirical Evidence

The focus of structural reform is to fully promote labor mobility on the basis of market allocation through changes, adjustments and optimization of economic structure, so that labor in low-efficiency departments can fully flow to high-efficiency departments, thus to stimulate the production enthusiasm of workers and to promote the growth of labor productivity. Therefore, the structural efficiency difference model between the two departments theoretically analyzes the impact of labor mobility between high-efficiency departments and low-efficiency departments in stimulating the enthusiasm of workers and improving labor productivity. On this basis, the annual time series data of the urban and rural structure, industrial structure, ownership structure and regional structure from 1978 to 2017 are used to analyze their respective impacts on changes of labor productivity. The measurement results show that among the effects of various structural changes on labor productivity, urbanization, moderate equilibrium of regional economy, accelerated development of conditional regions, marketization and optimization of industrial structure are in order of magnitude. Therefore, it is necessary to improve labor productivity by effectively promoting urbanization, moderately leading economic development in developed regions, marketization and high industrial structure.