发展中国家社会养老金兴起原因和实施效果分析

非缴费型社会养老金,也称社会养老金,和缴费型养老金几乎同时诞生,但前者的发展一直相对滞后。在20世纪90年代之前,社会养老金在发展中国家的普及程度远远落后于发达国家。本研究采用文献法,基于HelpAge International的全球社会养老金数据,分析了自20世纪90年代以来非缴费型社会养老金在发展中国家的发展趋势、兴起原因和减贫效果,并结合发展中国家实施社会养老金的经验,为我国城乡居民养老保险制度未来改革和完善提出了建议。首先,根据本国情况选择适宜的制度模式;其次,应关注制度的长期可持续性,本着持续渐进的原则,逐步提高保障力度;最后,通过合理的制度设计来减少社会养老金负激励效应。

An Analysis of the Causes of the Rise of Social Pension in Developing Countries and Its Implementation Effect

Non-contributory social pension system, also known as social pension, was born almost at the same time as contributory pension system. However, its development has been relatively lagging behind. Before the 1990 s, the popularity of social pension in developing countries lagged farther behind than that in developed countries. Based on the global social pension data of Help Age International, this study, based on literature review, analyzed the development trend, causes resulting in its rise, and poverty reduction effects of non-contributory social pension in developing countries since the 1990 s. Combined with the experience of implementing the social pension in developing countries, the current paper puts forward suggestions to the future reform and improvement of China’s old-age insurance system for both urban and rural residents. Firstly, appropriate system models are selected according to the national conditions. Secondly, we should pay attention to the long-term sustainability of the system and gradually improve the security based on the principle of continuous and gradual progress. Finally, the negative incentive effect of the social pension should be reduced through reasonable system design.