多重劳动用工关系的法理与法律规制

经济社会发展和科技进步为多重劳动用工关系的发展提供了条件。在法理上,多重劳动用工关系的法律关系结构可以区分为四类形态:标准劳动用工关系与非标准劳动用工关系并存而成的"主从结构",非标准劳动用工关系并存而成的"平行结构",标准劳动用工关系并存而成的"虚实结构",劳动用工关系与劳务用工关系并存形成的"综合结构"。与此相匹配,多重劳动用工关系的法律责任可以从"用人单位—劳动者""用人单位—用人单位"两个维度区分为"雇主责任""共同雇主责任""连带赔偿责任"。这种复杂、交叉的结构性劳动用工关系增加了司法实践中的法律适用难度。按照领域法学思维,超越"用工争议"的法学学科之困,采用类型化处理、对劳动用工关系与社会保险关系作出体系化的必要分立,协同适用法律法规、地方性法规和规范性文件,必要时作出一定的限缩、扩张、例外解释,可以有效推进多重劳动用工关系问题的法制化规制。

A Study of the Jurisprudence and Legal Regulation of Multiple Labor Employment Relations

Social economic development and technological progress provide conditions for the development of multiple labor relations.The legalrelationship structure of multiple labor relations,in terms of jurisprudence,are divided into the four types:a)the "Master-slave Structure"wherestandard labor-employment relations and non-standard labor-employment relations coexist.b)the "Parallel Structure"formed by the coexistence ofnon-standard labor-employment relations,c)the "Virtual Real Structure"formed by the coexistence of standard labor-employment relations,andd)the Comprebensive Structure"formed by the coexistence of labor-employment relations and labor and employment relations.In line with this,the legal liability of multiple labor-employment relations are classified into "Employer Responsibility","Co-employer Responsibility"and "JointLiability for Compensation Responsibility"from the two dimensions of "Employer-Employee"and "Employer-Employer".Thus.this complexand cross-structured labor-employment relations increases the difficulty of applying the law in judicial practice.According to the legal thinking ofdomain,issues beyond the difficulties of the legal discipline of "employment disputes"could be handled with the following measures:a)adoptinga typological approch;b)making the necessary separation of the labor-employment relations and the social insurance relations in a systematicmanner;c)applying laws and regulations,local regulations and norms in a coordinated way,and d)making certain restrictions,expansions,andexceptional explanations of the documents if necessary to effectively promote the legalization of multiple labor-employment relations.