解决无单放货问题的现实之需和立法建议

中国现有立法中缺乏无单放货的制度,大量无单放货的案例亟需立法进行规范.在司法实践中,无单放货案件在所有海事案件中的问题较为突出.面对现实之需,中国解决无单放货问题的立法应当主要平衡海上运输法律关系的各方权益,而不应将所有相关主体的利益放在同等地位;同时,立法目标应兼顾效率和安全.建议主要基于中国现有立法和最新司法实践成果,并参考《鹿特丹规则》,利用修改《中华人民共和国海商法》之契机,完善海商法中有关货物交付的制度.

Practical necessity and legislative suggestions regarding delivery of cargo without bill of lading

Chinese current legislation lacks rules to regulate delivery of cargo without bill of lading; however, such practice is commonly seen in reality. The empirical study shows that there exist plenty of domestic cases in this area which need to be guided by statutes. Facing the practical need, Chinese legislators should establish rules which balance interests of related parties in the legal relationship of maritime transport other than considering all the parties as of same importance; and should consider both efficiency and safety of the transaction. The legislation references should include the Rotterdam Rules, as well as domestic practices, which is a key reference in the further legislation revision of the Maritime Code of the People＇ s Repulic of China.