加拿大环境影响评价制度的比较与启示

加拿大从20世纪70年代就开始发展环境影响评价制度,至今其涉及环境影响评价制度的法律法规不计其数。加拿大有关环境影响评价的法律主要是《加拿大环境评价法》,该法明确规定了环境影响评价的主要目的,归纳为谨慎行事、预防污染、重视合作以及鼓励公众参与。而加拿大环评制度的主要内容也很好地体现了这一原则。《加拿大环境评价法》第19条规定了环境评价的主要内容,其中的可替代性方案、缓解措施以及研究委员会的报告都是该部法律中比较有特色而且值得研究的内容,这些严格谨慎的规定使加拿大环境影响评价制度可以发挥更大的作用,更好地预防污染,保护环境。本文以介绍和分析加拿大环境评价制度的对象和内容为主,并对比分析我国环境影响评价的内容,旨在为完善我国环境影响评价制度有所启示和借鉴。

Comparison and Enlightenment of the Canadian Environmental Impact Assessment System

Canada has been developing the environmental impact assessment system with countless laws and regulations since the 1970s.The most important one among laws relating to environmental impact assessment in Canada is the ＂Canadian Environmental Assessment Act,＂which clearly defines the primary purpose of an environmental impact assessment,summarized as cautious behavior, pollution prevention,attention to cooperation and encouragement for public participation.The Article 19 of the Act defines the main elements of environmental assessment,including substitutability program,mitigation measures and the Research Council report,which are special enough and worth studying.These contents make the Act work well.This paper describes and analyzes the content and object of the Canadian Environmental Assessment System, Comparing with the content of the environmental impact assessment in China,to provide some inspiration and reference for improving the environmental impact assessment system in China.