紧急状态应对机制中的民生至上理念——从日本“3·11”地震紧急状态说起

2011年3月11日本近海发生9.0级地震,海啸、核泄漏不期而至,引发日本国宣布进入紧急状态。其无序与法律救济上的无助,再次引发了人们对突发性危机或紧急状态下的民生保障问题的反思。本文以关乎人的最基本权利之民生保障为中心,论述在突发事件或紧急状态下国家法律对民生保护的应对之策。一个国家或民族或地区在面临突发的紧急的危险状态下,该怎样正当行使国家公权,有理有利有限地克减民生,遮蔽基本人权事项,这是很值得研究和必须回答的问题。当面临紧急状况时,作为执政者不应是一个简单的实用主义者,更不能开启行政乃至司法任意性和主观性的窗口。否则,是对现代民主国家法治与民生保障的二重嘲讽。

The Supriority Ideology of People's Livehood in the Responsive Mechanism of Emergency:From the Perspective of the Mar.11 th Quake in Japan

Mar.11th,2011 witnessed an offshore 9.0 degree quake near Japan which resulted in tsunami and nuclear radiation revelation and Japanese government’s declaration of emergency. The consequent disorder and inefficiency of legal reliefs urges knowledgeable people to reconsider people’s livelihood in a sudden crisis or emergency. Centering on people’s livelihood, this paper observes national law’s response to the problem of protection of people’s livelihood in sudden incidents or emergencies.It is a problem worthy of studying and solution how a state,nationality or area while confronting emergency to exercise public power justifiably which though to certain degree might infringe civil rights or impair people’s livelihood. While confronting emergency,the government cannot exercise executive or judicial power arbitrarily or it might hold rule of law and people’s livelihood in derision.