Selection biases in Voting Advice Application research |
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| Institution: | 1. Surgery Department, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Ciudad Universitaria, Santander, Colombia;2. Universidad Industrial de Santander, Ciudad Universitaria, Santander, Colombia;1. Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Japan;2. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan;3. Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan;4. Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan;5. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Canada;6. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Morioka University, Takizawa, Japan;7. Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan;8. Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan;9. Department of Health and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan;10. Iwate Health Service Association, Morioka, Japan;11. The Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, Tokyo, Japan;1. Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia;2. Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital Leicester LE5 4PW, UK;3. NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK;4. Leicester Diabetes Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK;5. NIHR Applied Health Research Collaboration – East Midlands (NIHR ARC-EM), Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester, UK;6. Behavioural Science Group, Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;1. Department of Social and Developmental Psychology University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’, via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy;2. National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System (INVALSI), via Borromini, 5 – Villa Falconieri – 00044 Frascati (RM), Italy |
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| Abstract: | This paper focuses on methodological aspects of Voting Advice Application (VAA) research. Self-selection into the treatment and self-selection into the sample need to be controlled for if the aim is to deduce causal effects from VAA use in observational data. This paper outlines omnipresent endogeneity issues, partly imposed through unobserved factors that affect both whether individuals use VAAs and their subsequent electoral behavior. Some research on VAAs has acknowledged the problems associated with selection biases, but practically none have taken steps towards improving these shortcomings. This paper introduces various approaches for handling selection biases and applies them to VAA data from Switzerland. These methodological considerations are of outmost importance for the relevance and validity of VAA research. |
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| Keywords: | Selection bias Endogeneity Voting Advice Applications Voting behavior |
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